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HCB-1

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1. Overview
1. Overview
1.1 Our Goals in Developing This Guidance
2. Using this Guidance for Cyanobacterial Bloom Response
3. Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
3. Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
3.1 What Are Cyanobacteria?
3.2 Health, Environment, and Economic Impacts
3.3 Cyanobacteria Biological Functions and Environmental Interactions
3.4 Understanding Your Water Body and Developing an HCB Management Plan
4. Monitoring
4. Monitoring
4.1 HCB Monitoring
4.2 Developing a Cyanobacteria Monitoring Program
4.3 Approaches to Monitoring
4.4 Selecting Appropriate Sample Collection Methods for Your Lake’s HCB Event
4.5 Water Quality Monitoring to Support Cyanobacteria Management
4.6 Examples of Recreational and Drinking Water Monitoring Approaches for Cyanobacteria
5. Strategies for Communication and Response Planning for HCBs
5. Strategies for Communication and Response Planning for HCBs
5.1 Immediate Communication and Response Tasks
5.2 Build, Improve, and Maintain Response Capacity
6. Management and Control Strategies for HCBs
6. Management and Control Strategies for HCBs
6.1 Summary Table
7. Strategies for Use in Nutrient Management
7. Strategies for Use in Nutrient Management
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Environmental Regulatory and Nonregulatory/Voluntary Programs for Nutrient Control
7.3 Source Identification and Prioritization
7.4 Linking Nutrients to Land Use
7.5 Point Sources
7.6 Nonpoint Sources
7.7 Water Quality Trading
8. Recommendations
8. Recommendations
8.1 Overall understanding of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins and their potential impacts
8.2 HCB Monitoring
8.3 Strategic Communication and Response Planning
8.4 HCB Management and Control Strategies
8.5 HCB Prevention Through Nutrient Reduction
References
Appendix
Appendix A. Visual Guide to Common Harmful Cyanobacteria
Appendix B. North American Lake Management Society survey on HCB notification/outreach
Appendix C. Management Strategy Fact Sheets
C.1 Management Strategy Fact Sheets
C.2 Cost Compilation for Several Mitigation Strategies
C.3 Abridged Strategies
Appendix D. Team Contacts
Appendix E. Glossary
Appendix F. Acronyms
Additional Information
Acknowledgments
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Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCB-1)
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Management Strategy Fact Sheets

This section provides descriptions of management strategies presented in Table 6-1 of HCB-1 (ITRC 2021) and Table 4-1 of HCB-2 evaluated for effectiveness, advantages, limitations, relative cost, and regulatory and policy considerations. Each fact sheet can stand alone and is intended to provide guidance and technical background to evaluate the use of a given management strategy in an HCB-affected water body.

A summary of cost information for selection of management strategies is included in Appendix C.2 of HCB-1 (ITRC 2021). The tables within each fact sheet detail relative cost ($, $$, $$$) per growing season to implement and maintain the strategy.

We necessarily limited this review to methods that are used in contemporary settings and have support from peer-reviewed literature. Some notable methods that were considered, but not reviewed in full, are included as Abridged Strategies in Section C.3. Methods that are considered outdated or have only a very narrow range of applicability, as well as those that have only anecdotal support or endorsement from commercial providers, are not addressed in this document.

Fact Sheets

This page includes the links for the ITRC HCB fact sheets. The fact sheets are available as web documents, but can be converted into PDF Files by clicking “Print this page/section” at the bottom of each page.

Acidification

Artificial Circulation and Mechanical Mixers

Barley and Rice Straw

Clay and Surfactant Flocculation

Copper Algaecides

Dredging

Floating Wetlands

Food Web Manipulation

Hydraulic Flushing

Hydrodynamic Cavitation

Hypolimnetic Oxygenation and Aeration

Hypolimnetic Withdrawal and Drawdown

Microbial Biomanipulation

Monitored Natural Attenuation

Nanobubbling

Nanoparticles (Iron-Based)

Organic Biocides

Ozonation

Phosphorus-Binding Compounds

Peroxide Application

Shading and Dyes

Skimming and Harvesting

Ultrasound

Ultraviolet Exposure

ITRC. 2021. “Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCBs).” Washington, D. C.: Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms Team. https://hcb-1.itrcweb.org/.

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