• Skip to main content
itrc_logo

HCB-1

☰
Visit HCB-2 Website
Home
Interactive Tools
Nutrient Reduction Tool
Monitoring Tool
Management Criteria Tool
Risk Communication Tool
1. Overview
1. Overview
1.1 Our Goals in Developing This Guidance
2. Using this Guidance for Cyanobacterial Bloom Response
3. Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
3. Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
3.1 What Are Cyanobacteria?
3.2 Health, Environment, and Economic Impacts
3.3 Cyanobacteria Biological Functions and Environmental Interactions
3.4 Understanding Your Water Body and Developing an HCB Management Plan
4. Monitoring
4. Monitoring
4.1 HCB Monitoring
4.2 Developing a Cyanobacteria Monitoring Program
4.3 Approaches to Monitoring
4.4 Selecting Appropriate Sample Collection Methods for Your Lake’s HCB Event
4.5 Water Quality Monitoring to Support Cyanobacteria Management
4.6 Examples of Recreational and Drinking Water Monitoring Approaches for Cyanobacteria
5. Strategies for Communication and Response Planning for HCBs
5. Strategies for Communication and Response Planning for HCBs
5.1 Immediate Communication and Response Tasks
5.2 Build, Improve, and Maintain Response Capacity
6. Management and Control Strategies for HCBs
6. Management and Control Strategies for HCBs
6.1 Summary Table
7. Strategies for Use in Nutrient Management
7. Strategies for Use in Nutrient Management
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Environmental Regulatory and Nonregulatory/Voluntary Programs for Nutrient Control
7.3 Source Identification and Prioritization
7.4 Linking Nutrients to Land Use
7.5 Point Sources
7.6 Nonpoint Sources
7.7 Water Quality Trading
8. Recommendations
8. Recommendations
8.1 Overall understanding of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins and their potential impacts
8.2 HCB Monitoring
8.3 Strategic Communication and Response Planning
8.4 HCB Management and Control Strategies
8.5 HCB Prevention Through Nutrient Reduction
References
Appendix
Appendix A. Visual Guide to Common Harmful Cyanobacteria
Appendix B. North American Lake Management Society survey on HCB notification/outreach
Appendix C. Management Strategy Fact Sheets
C.1 Management Strategy Fact Sheets
C.2 Cost Compilation for Several Mitigation Strategies
C.3 Abridged Strategies
Appendix D. Team Contacts
Appendix E. Glossary
Appendix F. Acronyms
Additional Information
Acknowledgments
Document Feedback
Navigating this Website

 

Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCB-1)

C.2 Cost Compilation for Several Mitigation Strategies

The Compilation of Costs table presents a compilation of costs in 2020 U.S. dollars for a suite of mitigation strategies. References marked with an asterisk are listed in USEPA (2015). For a summary of 31 individual oxygenation or aeration case studies, see Wagner (2015). Note: For ranges of costs/acre or costs/acre/year in the referenced citations, table data may represent averages for the ranges presented. NA = Not Available.

Compilation of costs (2020 U.S. dollars) for a suite of mitigation strategies

LOCALE WATER BODY TREATMENT CAPITAL COSTS ($/ACRE) O&M COSTS ($/ACRE) DURATION OF EFFECTIVENESS (DAYS) REFERENCE
AERATION
FL Lakes Circulators 385–4,527 116–2,182 NA Cooke et al. (2005) in Wagner (2015)
MA Onota Lake (617 acres) Deep-hole system 700 91 NA Berkshire Regional Planning Commission (2004)*
MA Lovers Lake and Stillwater Pond
(55.5 acres)
Hypolimnetic aeration 1,904 106 15 ENSR Corporation (2008)*
MA Lovers Lake and Stillwater Pond
(55.5 acres)
Artificial circulation 2,352 157 15 ENSR Corporation (2008)*
MN Twin Lake (20 acres) Solar circulator hypolimnetic dispersal 7,793 277 20 Chandler (2013)*
MN Twin Lake (20 acres) Bottom bubbler 12,992 1,939 20 Chandler (2013)*
New England Lakes (3) Mechanical mixing 10,000–50,000 per device Requires power and mainte-nance   NEIWPCC (2015)
NY Lakes Surface aeration (oxygenation and circulation) 150–2,500     NYDEC (2019)
NY Lakes Hypolimnetic aeration or oxygenation >2,500     NYDEC (2019)
USA Lakes (33) Circulators 399 (>133-acre lake), 4,050 (<25-acre lake)     Cooke et al. (2005) in Wagner (2015)
USA? Unknown lakes Hypolimnetic aerators   2,039   765 for large lakes 10 Cooke et al. (2005) in Wagner (2015)
ALGAECIDES
New England Lake surface blooms Surface application 100     NEIWPCC (2015)
NY Lakes   5–25/acre-ft   <1 NYDEC (2019)
ALUM TREATMENT
MA Lovers Lake and Stillwater Pond (28.25 acres)   9,026 0 15 ENSR Corporation (2008)*
MA Morses Pond (104.5 acres) Annual treatment 2008–2016 1,620 253 18 Wagner (2017)
MN Keller Lake (72 acres)   914 0 NA Barr (2005)*
MN Kohlman Lake
(74 acres)
  2,509 0 NA Barr (2005)*
MN Spring Lake
(409 acres)
  2,837 0 10–32 Barr (2005)*
MN Twin Lake (19 acres)   8,624 0 1.5 Chandler (2013)*
New England Lakes Alum 280–5,000   Variable NEIWPCC (2015)
NY Lakes Alum or lanthanum-substituted clay 100–500     NYDEC (2019)
NY Cossayuna Lake
(35 acres)
  726 0 NA The LA Group (2001)*
SD Lake Mitchell (877 acres) 4-year assumed whole-lake treatment 247 0 NA Osgood (2002)*
WA Green Lake (259 acres)   10,241 0 10 Herrera Environmental Consultants (2003)*
WA Lake Ketchum (25.5 acres) Treating sediment 8,736 0 4 Burghdorff & Williams (2012)*
WA Lake Ketchum (25.5 acres) Treating water column 1,614 0 1 Burghdorff & Williams (2012)*
WA Lake Lawrence (330 acres) Alum+ monitoring 3,350 619 (/month) 20 Tetra Tech (2004)*
WA Lake Hicks (4 acres)   13,690 0 >10 King County (2005)*
WI Cedar Lake (1,120 acres) Alum twice/year, assume 1/2 lake 2,200 0 10 Cedar Lake Protection & Rehab District (2013)*
WI E. Alaska Lake (41 acres)   4,640 0 NA Hoyman (2011)*
BARLEY STRAW
MD Lake Williston (67 acres) 500 bales + 3,200 labor 85 0 1 Calculated from Sellner et al. (2015)
MN Twin Lake (20 acres)   619 0 NA Chandler (2013)*
New England Lakes 225 lbs/acre 500 0 Full season NEIWPCC (2015)
BIOMANIPULATION
NY   Stocking piscivorous fish to control planktivorous fish 100–2,000     NYDEC (2019)
MN Twin Lake (20 acres) Removing, adding, and monitoring fish 15,646 0 NA Chandler (2013)*
DREDGING
MA Lovers Lake and Stillwater Pond (19 acres)   91,100 0 10 ENSR Corporation (2008)*
MD E. Lake Linganore (~100 acres)   180,000 0 NA Bohnel (2019)
MN Keller Lake (72 acres)   17,594 0 NA Barr (2005)*
MN Kohlman Lake
(74 acres)
  26,375 0 NA Barr (2005)*
MN Twin Lake (20 acres)   142,342 0 NA Chandler (2013)*
NY Cossayuna Lake
(35 acres)
  29,305 0 NA The LA Group (2001)*
WA Lake Lawrence (330 acres)   95,452 4,766 50 Tetra Tech (2004)*
CLAY AND SURFACTANT FLOCCULATION
CHN Lake Tai Kaolinite, soil 148–245 0 148–245 Pan et al. (2019)
CHN Lake Tai Kaolinite, soil + capping 3,648–8,197 0 3,648–8,197 Pan et al. (2019)
HERBICIDE TREATMENT
NY Cossayuna Lake
(35 acres)
CuSO4 every year for 5 years 933 0 1 The LA Group (2001)*
HYDRAULIC MANIPULATION
MN Twin Lake (20 acres)   32,480 3,864 20 Chandler (2013)*
NY Lakes     <10,000   NYDEC (2019)
PEROXIDE
MD Lake Anita Louise
(5 acres)
350 lbs granular H2O2 compound 486 0 >4 Mattheiss, Sellner, and Ferrier (2017)
MD Spahrs Quarry
(7 acres)
550 lbs granular H2O2 compound 275 0 NA Campbell and Sellner (in preparation)
ULTRASOUND
New England Lakes 20kHz–1MHz sound waves 2,400 Some (power, mainte-nance) Variable NEIWPCC (2015)
NY Lakes 20kHz–1MHz sound waves 5,000/unit Some (power, mainte-nance)   NYDEC (2019)
image_pdfPrint this page/section


HCB

Home
glossaryGlossary
referencesReferences
acronymsAcronyms
ITRC
Contact Us
About ITRC
Visit ITRC
social media iconsClick here to visit ITRC on FacebookClick here to visit ITRC on TwitterClick here to visit ITRC on LinkedInITRC on Social Media
about_itrc
Permission is granted to refer to or quote from this publication with the customary acknowledgment of the source (see suggested citation and disclaimer). This web site is owned by ITRC • 1250 H Street, NW • Suite 850 • Washington, DC 20005 • (202) 266-4933 • Email: [email protected] • Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, and Usage Policy ITRC is sponsored by the Environmental Council of the States.