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HCB-1

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1. Overview
1. Overview
1.1 Our Goals in Developing This Guidance
2. Using this Guidance for Cyanobacterial Bloom Response
3. Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
3. Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
3.1 What Are Cyanobacteria?
3.2 Health, Environment, and Economic Impacts
3.3 Cyanobacteria Biological Functions and Environmental Interactions
3.4 Understanding Your Water Body and Developing an HCB Management Plan
4. Monitoring
4. Monitoring
4.1 HCB Monitoring
4.2 Developing a Cyanobacteria Monitoring Program
4.3 Approaches to Monitoring
4.4 Selecting Appropriate Sample Collection Methods for Your Lake’s HCB Event
4.5 Water Quality Monitoring to Support Cyanobacteria Management
4.6 Examples of Recreational and Drinking Water Monitoring Approaches for Cyanobacteria
5. Strategies for Communication and Response Planning for HCBs
5. Strategies for Communication and Response Planning for HCBs
5.1 Immediate Communication and Response Tasks
5.2 Build, Improve, and Maintain Response Capacity
6. Management and Control Strategies for HCBs
6. Management and Control Strategies for HCBs
6.1 Summary Table
7. Strategies for Use in Nutrient Management
7. Strategies for Use in Nutrient Management
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Environmental Regulatory and Nonregulatory/Voluntary Programs for Nutrient Control
7.3 Source Identification and Prioritization
7.4 Linking Nutrients to Land Use
7.5 Point Sources
7.6 Nonpoint Sources
7.7 Water Quality Trading
8. Recommendations
8. Recommendations
8.1 Overall understanding of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins and their potential impacts
8.2 HCB Monitoring
8.3 Strategic Communication and Response Planning
8.4 HCB Management and Control Strategies
8.5 HCB Prevention Through Nutrient Reduction
References
Appendix
Appendix A. Visual Guide to Common Harmful Cyanobacteria
Appendix B. North American Lake Management Society survey on HCB notification/outreach
Appendix C. Management Strategy Fact Sheets
C.1 Management Strategy Fact Sheets
C.2 Cost Compilation for Several Mitigation Strategies
C.3 Abridged Strategies
Appendix D. Team Contacts
Appendix E. Glossary
Appendix F. Acronyms
Additional Information
Acknowledgments
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Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCB-1)
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Acknowledgments

The members of the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC)Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms Team wish to acknowledge the individuals, organizations, and agencies that contributed to this technical and regulatory guidance document.

As part of the broader ITRC effort, the Strategies for Preventing and Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms Team effort is funded primarily by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, with additional funding from the U.S. Department of Defense and the Department of Energy.

The HCB team appreciates the efforts of all team members who contributed to the development and completion of this document, as well as those who reviewed and provided comments on the document. The team also acknowledges the excellent support of ITRC staff.

The HCB team gratefully acknowledges the efforts of the following individuals who took on significant leadership roles with the team:

Ben Holcomb, Utah Department of Environmental Quality
Angela Shambaugh, Vermont Dept of Environmental Conservation
Jean Bradford, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
Kathy Coyne, University of Delaware
Anthony Eallonardo, Ramboll Group
Steven Folsom, HSW Engineering, Inc.
Amelia Jones, TRC Environmental Corporation
Michael Murphy, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
Christopher Nack, Ramboll Group
Robert Newby, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
Christine Osborne, Utah Department of Environmental Quality
Keith Pilgrim, Barr Engineering Co.
Brian Reese, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality
Nancy Rice, Minnesota Department of Health
Kevin Sellner, Hood College Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies
Ann St. Amand, PhycoTech, Inc.
Beckye Stanton, California Environmental Protection Agency
Michael Thomas, Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality

The HCB team would like to acknowledge the efforts of the following individuals and the support of their state and local governments:

Hunter Adams, City of Wichita Falls
Linda Bacon, Maine Department of Environmental Protection
Mike Beiser, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality
Joan Beskenis, Massachusetts Dept Environmental Protection
Ruth Briland, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Richard Burns, Livingston County Solid Waste Planning Committee
Heather Campbell , Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
Jill Csekitz, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Hugh Dalton, City of Santa Cruz
Susan Fitch, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Richard Friesner, New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission
Andrew Garey, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
Catherine Gullo, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Mark Heidecker, City of Tallahassee
Rebecca Hillwig, Oregon Health Authority
Heather Husband, North Dakota Dept of Health
James Hyde, New York State Department of Health
Pete Kauhanen, The Aquatic Science Center
Daniel Kendall, Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Bryce Kerr, Ohio Department of Health
Gina LaLiberte, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Larry Lawson, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services
Lizbeth Seebacher, Washington Department of Ecology
Tracy Lizotte, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Tracy Lund, Minnesota Department of Health
Amanda McQuaid, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Sara Michael, California Department of Toxic Substances Control
Lynn Milberg, Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Sandra Mueller, Virginia Dept of Environmental Quality
Danielle Nathanson, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection
Joseph Nett, North Dakota Department of Health
Bridget O’Brien, Vermont Department of Health
Brie Olsen, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality
Lindsay Patterson, Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
Ann-Elizabeth Pelonzi, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Victor Poretti, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
Heather Raymond, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Violet Renick, Orange County Sanitation District
Pierce Rigrod, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
David Rindal, Minnesota Department of Health
Annette Sharp, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality
Richard Sloan, Montana Department of Environmental Quality
Elizabeth Smith, Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Jayme Smith, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Matt Smith, Orange County Sanitation District
Leigh Stevenson, North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Brock Tabor, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
David Thompson, Alabama Department of Environmental Management
Randy Turner, San Francisco Estuary Institute / Aquatic Science Center
Marisa Van Dyke, California State Water Resources Control Board
Emmy Waldhart, Minnesota Department of Health
Lanita Walker, City of Tallahassee
Caitlin Washington, Alabama Department of Environmental Management
Jeff Wenzel, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services
Tyler West, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
Shawn Williams, Harris County Pollution Control Services
Mikal Willmer, North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality

The team wishes to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of individuals from several federal agencies:

Lorraine Backer, CDC
Sara Breitmeyer, USGS
Thomas Byl, USGS
Kurt Carpenter, USGS
Lisa Carper, USDOI
Michael Geelhoed, DOE
Felix Martinez, NOAA
Edith Martinez-Guerra, DoD
Andrew McQueen, DoD
Jodi Ryder, DoD
Catherine Thomas, DoD
Lesley D’Anglada, USEPA
James Lazorchak, USEPA
Gary Newhart, USEPA
Teri Richardson, USEPA
Blake Schaeffer, USEPA
Steve Schaff, USEPA
Amy Shields, USEPA
Hilary Snook, USEPA

The team wishes to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of our public and tribal stakeholders:

Richard Aho, retired
Rebecca Aicher, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Lori Fisher, Lake Champlain Committee
Ken Gibbons, Great Lakes Commission
Ernest Hofer, New Jersey Coalition of Lake Associations
Eric Roberts, Lake Linganore – Friends of the Lake
Jeffrey Short, ITRC Public Stakeholder

The team wishes to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of the academicians who participated in the team:

Shane Bradt, University of New Hampshire
David Caron, University of Southern California
Tinchun Chu, Seton Hall University
Lance Ford, University of Texas-Austin
Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Mississippi State University
Kaoru Ikuma, Iowa State University
James Metcalf, Brain Chemistry Labs
Melissa Miller, Iowa State University
Sabina Perkins, University of New Hampshire
Ellen Preece, Washington State University
Susan Wilde, University of Georgia

And finally, the team wishes to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of their industry affiliates:

Clifton Bell, Brown and Caldwell
Keith Bircher, Calgon Carbon Corporation
Deanna Bobak, Civil and Environmental Consultants
Francis Boodoo, Purolite Corporation
Ashley Bromberg, ERM
Kendra Brown, Exponent
Alyssa Calomeni, EA Engineering, Science, Technology, Inc., PBC
Lea Cohen Sanchez, AECOM
Bill Colona, AECOM
Steven Day, Calgon Carbon Corporation
Ruta Deshpande, Ramboll Group
Evan Ewald, Tetra Tech, Inc.
Daniel Figola, BaySaver Technologies
Eric Forrester, Calgon Carbon Corporation
Ivy Harvey, EA Engineering, Science, Technology, Inc., PBC
Patrick Hsieh, Dalton, Olmsted, & Fuglevand
Daniel Jones, AECOM
Johnsie Lang, Arcadis
Jerry Lisiecki, Clean Harbors Environmental Services
Jeffrey Marsh, Integral Corporation
Christopher Mayne, GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.
Jennifer McBride, Terracon
Kari Means, TRC
Tim Moloney, Trihydro Corporation
Igor Mrdjen, Ramboll Group
Raghav Narayanan, Anchor QEA, LLC
Daniel Parsons, TRC
Ioana Petrisor, ToxStrategies
Rimjhim Singh, Arcadis
Zacharias Smith, Ramboll Group
Brandon Steets, Geosyntec Consultants
Charles Thibault, Earthcon Consultants, Inc.
Byron Winston, AECOM
Craig Wolf, GEI Consultants, Inc.

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